1998 Jun;105(6):1024-31. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)96003-1. 1546-1553. It more commonly presents in the younger ages in the late summer and fall months. Unilateral conjunctiva injection, foreign body sensation, and epiphora. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Serological testing is used most commonly to diagnosis this disease with either ELISA or indirect fluorescence assay (IFA). Bartonella henselae is the etiologic agent in most cases of CSD. Ocular signs of Cat-Scratch disease range from scant to serous and/or mucoid discharge, mild periorbital edema, conjunctival ulceration, and/or nodule/granuloma. Although most cats infected with B. henselae are asymptomatic, signs such as fever and myocarditis might develop in some cats (2,3). Bartonella henselae- and quintana-associated uveitis: a case series and approach of a potentially severe disease with a broad spectrum of ocular manifestations. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! However, in patients less than 12  years of age, erythromycin is recommended due to the risk of tooth discoloration. Azithromycin has been observed to cause rapid resolution of lymphadenopathy. If a biopsy of the specimen is taken then this tissue can be stained for histopathological analysis with Warthin-Starry staining. 4. eCollection 2021 Mar. Ophthalmology. Most infections usually occur after scratches from domestic or feral cats, especially kittens. Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis, histoplasmosis, and leptospirosis may also cause neuroretinitis. Int Ophthalmol 2010; 30: pp. Neuroretinitis, aseptic meningitis, and lymphadenitis associated with Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae infection in immunocompetent patients and patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antipyretics and NSAIDs may also be used. Warthin-Starry silver stain on biopsy can identify the bacteria. Most cases follow a manifestations and treatment outcome. If you are scratched or bitten by a cat or kitten, it is important to promptly wash the area with soap and water. 1995 Aug;21(2):352-60. doi: 10.1093/clinids/21.2.352. Curr OpinOphthalmol. Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome (conjunctival inflammation with preauricular adenopathy) may be seen in about 2-7% of patients with cat-scratch disease. Privacy, Help https://www.emedicinehealth.com/cat_scratch_disease/article_em.htm Epub 2020 Mar 2. It is also known as Rochalimaea henselae. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 2000; 74: pp. The Listen. Would you like email updates of new search results? Corticosteroids are also a consideration for both systemic and ocular therapy. It is caused when the Bartonella henselae bacteria carried by cats gets under the skin in a human.Cats, and especially kittens, become infected with the cat scratch bacteria from fleas. 7. Atypical presentations are characterized by a variety of neurologic manifestations as well as granulomatous involvement of the eye, liver, spleen, and bone. Neuroretinitis is an inflammation of the optic nerve and retina. 365-390. Visual improvement can vary based on the initial ophthalmic manifestation. 2. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a bacterial infection spread by cats. 3. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004; 23: pp. An irritation can lead to a mild inflammation of the tissue around the eye (conjunctivitis) or severe damage to the cornea. Patients typically develop tender lymphadenopathy (pre or post-auricular, submandibular, or cervical ly… 796-797. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can display the degree of subretinal fluid, retinal thickening, and exudates. Less commonly, cat-scratch disease may affect the eyes. Cats likely get the bacteria from fleas. The infected area may be warm and painful and may appear appear swollen and red with round, raised lesions. Cat-scratch disease or felinosis is an infectious disease that most often results from a scratch or bite of a cat. Review. 2004;137:187-1 89. If you look closely at her macula in the right eye, you’ll also see that she has exudate in a “macular star” pattern. About 14 out of every 100 people who get cat scratch disease develop complications with spread of the infection to the liver, spleen, eye or nervous system. Harthan JS, Opitz DL, Fromstein SR, Morettin CE. Brazis PW, Stokes HR, Ervin FR. Solley WA, Martin DF, Newman NJ, et al: Cat scratch disease: posterior segment manifestations. Retinal and choroidal manifestations of cat-scratch disease. Neuroretinitis. Medical records of 86 patients with ocular disease (107 eyes) of 3222 patients identified in a national CSD surveillance study were reviewed. Prevention and treatment information (HHS). Management of B. henselae neuroretinitis in cat-scratch disease. Enroll in the Residents and Fellows contest, Enroll in the International Ophthalmologists contest, International Ophthalmologists contest rules, Koushik Tripathy, MD (AIIMS), FRCS (Glasgow), https://eyewiki.org/w/index.php?title=Cat_Scratch_Disease&oldid=64842, Parinauds Ocularglanduar Syndrome: consisting of lymphadenopathy and follicular conjunctivitis. 340-349. 2020 Dec;104(12):1640-1646. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315239. 3 It can be passed to humans usually through infected kittens, who who typically show no sign of illness but are nonetheless infected by the bacteria Bartonella henselae. Even more so in the eye! There are generally two forms of CSD as it relates to the eye: Major cause: Bartonella henselae, possibly Afipia felis and Bartonella clarrigeiae. Tuberculosis or other myobacterial infections, Benign and malignant tumors such as lymphoma. Fluorescein angiography often shows optic nerve leakage or can show artery/venous occlusions. Five to 10 percent of patients with CSD develop ocular involvement, most commonly either Parinaud’s Oculoglandular Syndrome (POGS; See Figure 1), which affects 5 percent, or neuroretinitis (See Figure 2), which occurs in 1 to 2 percent of symptomatic patients. This is done to physically flush away the debris and bacteria that may contaminate the wound. The availability of specific serologic investigations has allowed the recognition of a spectrum of ocular CSD syndromes that previously were ill defined and considered idiopathic. 1998 Mar;105(3):459-66. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)93028-7. Ksiaa I, Abroug N, Mahmoud A, Zina S, Hedayatfar A, Attia S, Khochtali S, Khairallah M. J Curr Ophthalmol. Clin Infect Dis. 8600 Rockville Pike The most common presentation is regional lymphadenopathy. Humans are exposed to the bacteria through flea feces contaminating skin lesions or their eyes. Reed JB, Scales DK, Wong MT, Lattuada CP Jr, Dolan MJ, Schwab IR. The benefit of antimicrobial therapy for CSD in immunocompetent individuals has been difficult to establish, partly because most infections are self limited. It causes blurred … It was traditionally described in immunocompromised patients but has now been reported in immunocompetent individuals. Cunningham ET, and Koehler JE: Ocular bartonellosis. Patients typically present with unilateral decline in vision (20/80) with systemic symptoms present in 67%. CSD optic neuritis is also described. Cat-scratch disease, a zoonotic bacterial infection, occurs worldwide and is caused by Bartonella henselae, a fastidious, intracellular gram-negative bacillus ().Cats are the major reservoir of B. henselae and are infected by Ctenocephalides felis cat fleas. The New England Journal of Medicine recently published an image of Bartonella neuroretinitis. Am J Ophtha/mol. It is the result of the bacteria Bartonella henselae and is spread by a cat either biting or scratching, or by licking an open wound. 2019 May 6;31(3):254-261. doi: 10.1016/j.joco.2019.03.005. Am J Ophthalmol 1995; 120: pp. Endothelial invasion leads to a pro-inflammatory response and vasoproliferation. What causes catscratch disease and who gets it? Batts and Demers, 2004. Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is an infectious disease consisting of gradually progressive regional lymphadenopathy, fevers, and malaise often occurring after contact with a feline animal (scratch). Leber's neuroretinitis has been identified for 80 years, and new data suggest that it is commonly a manifestation of CSD; the extent of the association remains to be determined. Than 12 years of age, erythromycin is recommended due to an error, unable to load your due... More commonly presents in the cat scratch disease eye summer and fall months specificities vary with both techniques and the CDC currently IFA... 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