advantages of transgenic animals
(image 1.1 and 1.2) Mutagenesis and function disorders. such of a technology, is known as the recombinant DNA technology, it, milleniums, with “treatises as much as 2000 years old” giving advice on selective breeding, humans have carried out genetic manipulation on other organisms for their own benefit. For example,
The cost of equipment and animals is high. (b) Basmati rice is famous for its aroma and flavour, whose 27 varieties are cultivated in India. Common reasons for developing transgenic animals are: GM microbes, plants and animals and products derived from them or applications of such organisms and products. Explain. This modification is achieved through a technological method, genetic engineering. Provided that you have read pros and cons of transgenic animals, it would be up to you whether you should support its use or not. Transgenic animals are studied for testing toxicity of drugs and other chemicals, as they carry genes that makes them more sensitive to toxic substances. State why and how? There is little thought given to the comfort or quality of care that the animal is provided. The purpose of selective breeding in animals is either to produce a pure breed, where a breed 4. (iv) Transgenic mice are developed to test the safety of vaccines before being used in humans. [All India 2011] In most cases the goal is to introduce a new trait to the plant, which does not occur naturally in the species, for examples in crops and food. Advantages of Transgenic Animals: (a) Gene requires certain cellular mechanism to help for the production of protein. (ii) Traditional knowledge related to bio-resources can be exploited to develop modern applications and to save time, efforts and expenditure. Inserting a foreign gene to animals will be done successfully when the gene was inherited by the offspring. Essay on African Americans During the Post World War II Era, Environmental Impact Assessment: Identifying the Environmental Effects of a Project, History of the Ultrasonic Technology Essay, Effective Curriculum Models for Gifted and Talented Students. For example, transgenic models have been developed for many diseases like cancer,
However t hey are important tools for researching human disease, being used to understand gene function in the context of disease susceptibility, progression and to determine responses to a therapeutic intervention. 2. 2. Transgenic animals are essentially being produced so that they benefit humanity in some way. By creating animals that are specifically engineered for experimentation or economic profit, what we are actually doing is exploiting the animal instead of furthering science. Transgenic animals are the animals with genome that was changed in order to bring genes coming from other species. (i) production of biological products? Biopiracy refers to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other [All India 2011; Foreign 2010] This milk contained the human a-lactalbumin and was more ‘nutritionally balanced for human babies than natural cow milk.
Advantages: (1) can transfer useful genes from non-plant species into plant species. (ii) The countries/people also lose their right to grow and use breeding experiments to improve the other varieties of the same species. (ii) chemical safety testing?
When it comes to evaluating the benefits and disadvantages of using a transgenic mouse model to test a hypothesis about disorders affected by genetics, there are many important points to remember. The transgenic cow, Rosie, produced human protein-enriched milk (2.4 gm/L). It contained the human a-l actalbumin and was nutritionally more balanced product for human babies than natural cow’s milk. What is such an act referred to? (ii) For example, With advantages, come disadvantages. Ans. Basmati rice is the Indian variety of rice patented by the US company. Ans. Biopiracy should be prevented. There are certain purposes why these animals are made, giving you the reasons on why you should support its use and there are also reasons on why you should not support it. Describe the responsibility of GEAC, set-up by the Indian Government. animal product. Since there are many discoveries that are meant to be used for human consumption, animals are used as subjects first to ensure safety of humans. May kill many animals especially when experiments fail.
This essay will outline the advantages, Graph 1 show the percentage of the purposes of experiments on animals and 10.9% is used for production of quality control of the in medicine. Transgenic chickens are now able to synthesize human proteins in the "white" of their eggs. (iii) Useful biological products can be produced by introducing the portion of DNA, which codes for a particular product into transgenic animals. Ans. Ans. The 2 main methods of selective breeding include: artificial insemination [All India 2008] Several gene and insulin needs of humans are provided by such animals. Rosie. (i) Study of normal physiology and development is carried out to understand gene regulation, their effect on the normal functions of the body and its development.
A multinational company outside India tried to sell new varieties of turmeric without proper patent rights.
Transgenic organisms, also known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), are organisms that possess a foreign gene in its genome.
Transgenic mice are being used in testing the safety of vaccines before they are used in humans, e.g., polio vaccine. For example, transgenic mice, rats, rabbits, pigs, sheeps, cows and fish have been produced.
done to cause micro organisms, such as bacteria and viruses, to
Although there is no severe disadvantage of transgenic animals, there have been cases where the transgenic animals have been said to result in the 'loss of genetic diversity if care is not taken to preserve genetic material of the original organism'.
2. 4. (c) An American company in 1997, got patent rights for Basmati rice through the US Patent and Trademark Office and was allowed to sell a ‘new’ variety of Basmati in the US and abroad.
1.1 History of genetic modified food--------------------------------------------------------------------- characteristics inherited by alerting it genetic material. 2. synthesize increased yields of compounds, to form entirely new
How is ‘Rosie’ considered different from a normal cow? (b) When exposed to toxic substances, their effects are studied in a short time. They are also used as a replacement for lab animals. Transgenic models are more precise in comparison to traditional animal models, for example the oncomouse with its increased susceptibility to tumor development enables results for carcinogenicity studies to be obtained within a shorter time-frame, thus reducing the course of tumor development in experimentally affected animals. Transgenic Mouse Model . Biopiracy should be prevented because
In the side of experts, there are particular pros that are found to be helpful and some of these are the following: 1. (f) Besides Basmati rice, now attempts are in progress for turmeric and neem (Indian traditional herbal medicines). Transgenic animals are known to be used in testing various medicines and other medical treatments that different universities and other pharmaceuticals are experimenting. Ans. Human manipulation occurs for a large number of reasons, including; increasing profit/productivity in agriculture and farming, creating, Transgenic Animals
(ii) Study of genes, which are responsible for diseases in human and their treatment, e.g. Products derived from transgenic animals may harm humans.
But with various ways developed in testing particular discoveries, experts should consider using new ways of testing instead of risking the lives of animals.
5. [Delhi 2014] It contained the human a-l actalbumin and was nutritionally more balanced product for human babies than natural cow’s milk. If found reliable and successful they could replace the use of monkeys in order to test the safety of batches of the vaccine. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The animals used for transgenic purpose naturally carry the mechanism needed to produce complex protein. 3. .
8.7% of animals are used to benefit society by testing out cures for diseases and safety evaluation. Biotechnology and Its Applications Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Biology Transgenic Animals and Ethical Issues. The following are cons that you should take note of: 1. Humans manipulate the genetics and genetic frequencies of both individual organisms and entire populations in order to raise the frequency of existing or transgenic traits we find useful or desirable. 5 Marks Question. 2 Marks Questions Genetic manipulation, also referred to as ‘genetic engineering’ or ‘genetic modification’, is the change of an organism’s gene through the use of modern biotechnology techniques.
Animals may be too big for their legs, have shorter life spans, and there are low survival rates for transgenic aimals. [Delhi 2009] This is called biopiracy. (e) Indian Basmati was crossed with semi-dwarf varieties and claimed as an invention or novelty. Genetic engineering is the method of changing organisms'
(d) This new variety of Basmati was derived from Indian farmer’s varieties. Though these animals are the ones used for a long time now, there are people who are against it making it necessary for others to learn the pros and cons of the use of such animals. compounds, or to adapt to different environments.
(i) The transgenic animals are proved to be beneficial in production of biological products like human protein a-1 antitrypsin (by coding genes for that protein only) in treatment of emphysema, and human protein (a-lactalbumin) enriched milk by transgenic cow, i.e. Introduction
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Check with reference to genetic These animals are also used for the toxicity or safety testing procedures. Importantly, transgenic …
8. GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee) is an organisation set-up by the Indian Government to make decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM organisms for public services. cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer’s disease. Those humans observed and chose organisms from natural selection to select and breed organisms that showed characteristics desired by them and this began the process of selective breeding. 2.0 Genetic modified crops worldwide----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Disadvantages Though these animals are the ones used for a long time now, there …
These animals are all considered useful as ailment models & producers of the substances for the welfare of humans. 5.
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