One such organization is the Ephorate of the Rascals, Rogues, and Rapscallions, an American fraternal research society.[12]. Definition and How It Works in the US, Political Aspects of the Classical Age of Greece, Federalism and the United States Constitution, Herodotus on the Kings of Sparta C 430 BCE, M.A., Linguistics, University of Minnesota. Also on this date, Sparta changed the government system into having two Ephors for each department who were of equal status, as opposed to one Ephor and one Deputy Ephor. 300 (1998), 300 (2007), and Three (2014), Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities. The concept of an ephorate continues to be used by some contemporary organizations which require a monarchical element within a democratic framework. This is confirmed by the fact that the chairman of the college of ephors was also the president of the Popular Assembly.note[Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.87.] . They were forbidden to be re-elected and provided a balance for the two kings, who rarely co-operated. Ephors is a historically accurate title used to describe the upper government within Sparta. Plato called the ephors tyrants who ran Sparta as despots while the kings were little more than generals.
Diplomats from Sparta are trained here, and this department also monitors the Embassies and Ambassadors for other Alliances.
The chairman was also the eponymous magistrate, which means that he gave his name to a year.
Sparta was a city in Greece in which the form of the kingdom in the form of joint authority was preserved. The Ephors of Sparta: Another defect in the Lacedaemonian constitution is seen in connection with the office of ephor.
The ephors also received foreign ambassadors.note[Xenophon, Hellenica 2.2.13.] The Spartan armies took their name from the chief among the five ephors, as the Athenian armies took theirs from their leading archon.
[6] Following Lycurgus' 'Asteropus' in 620 BCE (increase in the power of the ephorate),[7] the ephors became the ambassadors of Sparta. The current Ephor is Mugiwara. For example, in 403 BC, Pausanias convinced three of the ephors to send an army to Attica, a complete reversal of the policy of Lysander.[5]. Paul Poralla, Prosopographie der Lakedaimonier (1913) 168-169. ephors (ĕf`ərz) [Gr.,=overseers], in ancient Greece, magistrates in several Dorian states. Plato called the ephors tyrants who ran Sparta as despots while the kings were little more than generals. Nor does the way in which ephors live conform to the aims of the constitution. . In the quoted passage on the government of Sparta, Aristotle disapproves of government run by poor people.
This page was created in 2018; last modified on 13 October 2020.
The ephors were elected by the popular assembly, and all citizens were eligible.
The Department of Defense is the heart of Sparta's army. It originally oversaw Sparta's contributions to the PEPTO treaty. The final component was the assembly, made up of all Spartiates—full Spartan citizens—over 18. 2011 , Alfred S. Bradford, Leonidas and the Kings of Sparta [3] , page 199: Since Sparta withdrew from the PEPTO treaty, all functions of this department are now managed by the village of Lykoi.
The ephors were in office for one year of twelve or thirteen lunar months. They were in charge of all things financial, and were generally the best numbers people in Sparta. The Spartan poet Tyrtaeus, a contemporary of king Theopompus, does not mention ephors either. The word "ephors" (Greek ἔφοροι éphoroi, plural form of ἔφορος éphoros) comes from the Greek ἐπί epi, "on" or "over", and ὁράω horaō, "to see", i.e.
It is possible that the number of five ephors has something to do with the fact that Sparta was not a real city but consisted of five smaller towns.
If Herodotus is to be trusted, the ephors and the Gerusia, the Council of Elders, could give orders to the Spartan kings,note[Herodotus, Histories 5.39.] The Department of Economy managed Sparta's aid efficiency such as technology dealing, monetary aiding, and trade slots. [2] There were a total of seven ephors, consisting of the two kings and the five who were elected. That was done to keep the large helot population in check.
The Department of Internal Affairs is in charge of all things that are essential to running Sparta. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, The Ancient Spartans Had a Murderous Secret Police, 7 Points to Know About Ancient Greek Government, What Is Federalism? Ephors and elders: from the 8th century BC The five ephors are the highest authority in Spartaafter the two kings. by Cleomenes III. She has been featured by NPR and National Geographic for her ancient history expertise. And this has caused further damage to the constitution; what was supposed to be an aristocracy has become more like a democracy. The fact that the office is also known from Thera (founded in the seventh century?) Ephors is a historically accurate title used to describe the upper government within Sparta. Dickins, G. (1912). They were forbidden to be re-elected and provided a balance for the two kings, who rarely co-operated. The ephors were a council of five elected annually who swore "on behalf of the city" while the kings swore for themselves.
The Lacedaemonian [Spartan] constitution is defective in another point; I mean the Ephoralty. . Later writers, like the philosophers Aristotle and Plutarch, think that the ephorate was an earlier development, which they date to the reign of king Theompompus in about 700 BCE.note[Aristotle, Politics 1313a27; Plutarch, Lycurgus 7.]. About Pictures Sources Countries Languages Categories Tags Thanks FAQ Donate Contact Articles Stubs. For example, the Archidamian War broke out in the year when Aenesias was ephor (431).note[Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.2.].
The Department of Foreign Affairs is the heart of Sparta's diplomatic efforts. At the time of Sparta's creation, there were four departments that were headed by one Ephor and one Deputy Ephor: Foreign Affairs, Defense, Internal Affairs, and Economy. The Department of Commerce is no longer an Ephor-level department.
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