Although some writers have claimed that his diaries include an entry referring to "Zelda and her abortionist", there is, in fact, no such entry. [9][10][11], Fitzgerald spent the first decade of his childhood primarily in Buffalo, New York, where his father worked for Procter & Gamble,[13] with a short interlude in Syracuse, (between January 1901 and September 1903). He relied on loans from his literary agent, Harold Ober, and his publisher Perkins. In an effort to abstain from alcohol, Fitzgerald resorted to drinking large amounts of bottled Coca-Cola. Bella Abzug was a leading liberal activist and politician in the 1960s and 1970s, especially known for her work for women’s rights. Due to the instant success of This Side of Paradise, the duo became overnight celebrities and indulged in the exuberance of the Roaring Twenties. I hope it's beautiful and a fool—a beautiful little fool." After six weeks, Zelda asked for a divorce. Matthew Joseph Bruccoli and Scottie Fitzgerald Smith, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFTate2007 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPike2017 (, harvnb error: multiple targets (11×): CITEREFMilford1970 (, harvnb error: multiple targets (5×): CITEREFCline2003 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMizener1951 (, Donaldson, Scott, ed. On October 26, 1921 in St. Paul, Minnesota, the couple welcomed Frances "Scottie" Fitzgerald to their family. [41] At the time, Fitzgerald was working for the Barron Collier advertising agency, living in a single room at 200 Claremont Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood on Manhattan's west side. He grew up in a wealthy Irish Catholic family. To maintain his lifestyle during this time, he also wrote several stories for magazines. In 1950, screenwriter Budd Schulberg, who knew the couple from his Hollywood years, wrote The Disenchanted, with characters based recognizably on the Fitzgeralds who end up as forgotten former celebrities, he awash with alcohol and she befuddled by mental illness. Public demand had decreased so much for Fitzgerald's works that by 1936, his book royalties barely amounted to $80. [139] The publication of The Great Gatsby prompted T. S. Eliot to write, in a letter to Fitzgerald, "It seems to me to be the first step that American fiction has taken since Henry James. The couple married on April 3, 1920 in New York City — just one week after his first book hit the market. [47], On Valentine's Day in 1921, while Fitzgerald was working to finish his second novel, The Beautiful and Damned, Zelda discovered she was pregnant. [30], At Princeton, Fitzgerald's writing pursuits came at the expense of his studies, causing him to be placed on academic probation. [16] After graduating from Newman in 1913, Fitzgerald enrolled at Princeton University, where he tried out for the football team and was cut the first day of practice. [28] Her father reportedly warned Fitzgerald that "Poor boys shouldn't think of marrying rich girls. Although it received mixed reviews, The Great Gatsby is now widely praised, with some even labeling it the "Great American Novel". The book went through many versions, the first of which was to be a story of matricide. [157] Others include the TV movies Zelda (1993, with Timothy Hutton), F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood (1976, with Jason Miller), and F. Scott Fitzgerald and 'The Last of the Belles' (1974, with Richard Chamberlain). His prose was especially notable for the sharp X-ray he took of the youth of that time, especially that privileged one, which oscillated between the attraction for jazz and drinking. [67][68][64] Fitzgerald had been planning the novel since 1923, when he told his publisher Maxwell Perkins of his plans "to write something new - something extraordinary and beautiful and simple and intricately patterned. She died tragically on March 10, 1948 in a fire at Highland Hospital in Asheville, North Carolina. She never shared the letters with anyone. Most notable among them was a relatively unknown Ernest Hemingway, whom Fitzgerald greatly admired. [162], An F. Scott Fitzgerald Society was established in 1992 at Hofstra University, and has since become an international association and an affiliate of the American Literature Association. One of the earliest Fitzgerald short stories was adapted into a 1921 silent film The Off-Shore Pirate. Heart Attacks. One of the novels that assured his great popularity was This Side of Paradise (1920). Isn't she smart—she has the hiccups. [109] After a heart-attack in Schwab's Drug Store, he was ordered by his doctor to avoid strenuous exertion. [91] Hemingway and others have argued that such overly harsh criticism stemmed from superficial readings of the material and from Depression-era America's reaction to Fitzgerald's status as a symbol of Jazz Age excess. After his death in 1940 his daughter "Scottie" sent the letters back to King where she kept them until her death. In both schools, he was described as a very intelligent child. Both were buried at St. Mary’s Cemetery in Rockville, Maryland. [103] His attempts to write and sell more short stories faltered. [153], Beyond his own characters, Fitzgerald himself has been portrayed in dozens of books, plays, and films. In 1917, Fitzgerald pivoted, dropping out of Princeton to join the Army. His father’s name was Edward Fitzgerald and his mother was Molly McQuillan. [151] and in 2016 it was adapted as an Amazon Prime TV miniseries. The couple never spoke of the incident and refused to discuss whether it was a suicide attempt. Faced with financial difficulties due to the declining popularity of his works, Fitzgerald turned to Hollywood, writing and revising screenplays. His second novel, The Beautiful and Damned (1922), propelled him into the New York City elite. His parents sent Scott to a Catholic school west of Buffalo, first to Holy Angels Convent and then to Nardin Academy, until 1805. Jozan was not aware that she had asked for a divorce. [160] The protagonist is a 31-year-old self-destructive, alcoholic named Emmet Monsen, whom Fitzgerald describes in his story as "notably photogenic, slender and darkly handsome". He was best known for his novels depicting the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Age—a term which he coined. So Fitzgerald wrote short stories for magazines such as Saturday Evening Post, Collier’s Magazine and Esquire, and sold Hollywood studios the rights to make films based on his literary production. [21] At Newman, he was taught by Father Sigourney Fay, who recognized his literary potential and encouraged him to become a writer. [160] Long thought lost, Fitzgerald's manuscript for the story was found in the rare books and manuscript archives at Princeton University, his alma mater. Rejected over 120 times, he was only able to sell a single story, for which he was paid $30. [56], In New York City, the Fitzgeralds quickly became celebrities, as much for their wild behavior as for the success of This Side of Paradise. In 1930, Zelda was diagnosed with schizophrenia and spent her remaining years in and out of various mental health clinics. A talented painter, her oil paintings are now prominently featured in the F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald Museum in Montgomery, Alabama. Born on September 24, 1896, in Saint Paul, Minnesota,[1] to an upper-middle-class family, Fitzgerald was named after his second cousin thrice removed, Francis Scott Key,[2][note 1] but was always known as Scott Fitzgerald. American author, artist and socialite Zelda Fitzgerald was the wife and muse of author F. Scott Fitzgerald and an icon of the Roaring Twenties. Soon after, the family moved to Long Island, New York, but faced with financial ruin due to their excessive spending habits, the family moved to France in 1924 where F. Scott composed The Great Gatsby and Zelda learned to paint. Amory Blaine’s first love in This Side of Paradise was also an inspiration to Daisy in The Great Gatsby and to many other characters in her novels and short stories. I think I started then to be a writer. After examining it in a public restroom, Hemingway told Fitzgerald "You're perfectly fine," assuring him that it was larger than those of statues at the Louvre. He wrote five novels and dozens of short stories that deal with issues such as youth and despair with extraordinary honesty in capturing his emotions. Fitzgerald returned to his parents' house at 599 Summit Avenue, on Cathedral Hill, in St. Paul, to revise The Romantic Egotist, recast as This Side of Paradise, a semi-autobiographical account of Fitzgerald's undergraduate years at Princeton. [84] The starlet became a temporary muse for the author and he rewrote Rosemary Hoyt, one of the central characters in Tender is the Night—who had been a male in earlier drafts—to closely mirror her. [90] He was able to make some changes prior to the novel's publication, and convinced her doctors to keep her from writing any more about their relationship. [45] His revised novel was accepted by Scribner's in the fall of 1919 and was published on March 26, 1920 and became an instant success, selling 41,075 copies in the first year.
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