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These groups possessed an enormous capacity to create chaos in the streets. He is currently at work on a history of FLQ terrorism that culminated in the October Crisis. But the police dragnet took a lot of FLQ sympathizers off the street and deterred others who were inclined to support the kidnappers directly or indirectly. you have too much power and reminds me of WW2 as Hitler had If the RCMP had been asked, they would not have advised the use of the War Measures Act. Re: October crisis: Still haunts us 40 years later, Oct. 9 The ultimate test of whether a draconian measure such as the 1970 War Measures Act was justified … The invocation of the War Measures Act caused all the violence to ended, and other countries regarded Canada as safe once again. This was done by introducing Bill 22. further damage – referring to damage the terrorism caused, and damage to Canada’s reputation. first in WW1, the second in WW2, and the third in the October Crisis. The citizens of Canada were also scared because innocent people were being arrested. Additionally, the War Measures Act helped sustain various reputations of Canada. If this occurred, then Canada wouldn’t be seen as a unified nation again. No evidence was ever brought forward to back the claim that the FLQ, a small group of fanatics, posed any real threat of civil insurrection. The Essay on The Canada Act Provincial Constitution Bna, The Essay on Upper Canada War American British, The Essay on Atomic Bomb's Impact On Canada, Post-war Soldier And Civilian Expectations Of The British Government, Terrorism The Cause Governments Political, Japanese Internment Government Canada War. Legion Magazine engages Canadians in commemorating the effort, bravery and sacrifice of those who served and continue to serve in Canada’s military. The War Measures Act allows the police to have more power and arrest The invention of the atomic bomb certainly brought extreme fear into Canadians’ lives after revealing its astonishing power through the massive destructions done at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The War Measures Act was ... to federal government to invoke the War Measure's Act. Quebec separatism, both the violent FLQ version and the lawful variety represented by the Parti Québécois, had been rising throughout the 1960s. He is the co-author of Secret Service: Political Policing in Canada from the Fenians to Fortress America. Six years after the crisis, the Parti Québécois came to power in Quebec. killed, this was the first time it was used in Canada in peacetime. These unyielding attempts to hurt Canadian civilians affected the way other countries regarded Canada as safe and secure. All three administrations believed that a state of “apprehended insurrection”—as the Act’s proclamation declared in 1970—existed in the province. Decisions only take split seconds, but their results can be huge. None led to the cells holding Cross and Laporte. In addition and as with all acts of the Congress, the President has ... ... soldiers and civilians had high expectations of their government following World War 1, most of which did not eventuate ... employment once being demobilized from the British government following World War One. But over the years doubts grew. Face To Face: Was Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau justified in invoking the War Measures Act during the FLQ crisis of October 1970? The Quebec provincial government had to resort to requesting federal military assistance. The media were working themselves into a lather over what was obviously the work of a handful of loons. Changes were needed to be made in the constitution which had not been touched over the last 113 years. Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau makes a statement to the press following the release of James Cross in December 1970. All rights reserved. The FLQ-terrorism was unknowingly rescinding these reputations. We can see from time to ... “The War Measures Act prevented demonstrations and marches in favour of the FLQ, thus avoiding confrontations with police.” (Tetley, 2006) This was a lesson to Quebec, showing them they wouldn’t be able to survive internal threats as a separate nation from Canada. On Oct. 5, 1970, gunmen kidnapped British Trade Commissioner James Cross from his Montreal home. It furthermore contributed to the independence of Canada, Quebec, and language independence. Some consider that Trudeau inappropriately used the War Measures Act. needed. The main goal of the FLQ, was to separate Quebec from Canada. At the front, soldiers were lectured ... ... terrorism are: political, religious and governments. Soldier and child, 18 October 1970, during the October Crisis. This tactic was much better than arresting far fewer certain members of the FLQ, but have many other members not in custody. The War Measures Act was only used 3 times in Canadian history, the first in WW1, the second in WW2, and the third in the October Crisis. From the War of 1812 to modern armed forces missions around the world, Legion Magazine offers a blend of stories, photographs, graphics, maps and posters on Canadian military history and heritage, veterans’ issues and the Canadian Armed Forces. Before the October Crisis, Canada had not faced a growing terrorist organization, so they were unprepared when the kidnappings occurred. The War Measures Act was only used 3 times in Canadian history, the Many Upper Canadian settlers were neutral at the beginning of the war, but as increasing numbers of their compatriots were killed in battle, forced from their homes, or had farms pillaged by American forces, local support for the British defenders increased. the government to assume sweeping emergency powers in the event of Finally in December, through careful police work rather than emergency powers, Cross was located and released. But it was very debatable whether it was needed in the October Crisis. Many The federal government had the power to stop FLQ-terrorism with the War Measures Act, and the Quebec government recognized that they required the assistance. Although this was true, the fastest way to stop the terrorism was to arrest anyone that was believed to be in the FLQ, and it worked flawlessly; the guilty FLQ members were arrested, and the innocent civilians were released days later. Legion Magazine is published by Canvet Publications Ltd. © 2020 Legion Magazine. Nothing even remotely comparable had ever occurred in Canada or the United States. D’Arcy Jenish is a freelance writer and author of nine books. CBC. “In retrospect, it seems impossible, but one bomb was planted somewhere in Quebec every 10 days.” (Gray, 2000) The largest bomb that was detonated was at the Montreal Stock Exchange on February 13, 1969; which injured 27 civilians. Finally in December, through careful police work rather than emergency powers, Cross was located and released. the other James Cross. The October Crisis, 1970 • The October Crisis was the only time the War Measures Act was invoked during peace time. In exchange for his life, the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) made a series of political demands. The War Measures Act was irrelevant to the actual resolution of the crisis, and failed to save the life of Laporte. Retrieved May 1, 2011, from The Globe and Mail: http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20080118071232/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/series/trudeau/jgray2_sep30.html, The New York Times. Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau was justified in invoking the War Measures Act; as it was the quickest and most effective method to stop the FLQ-terrorism, and reverse its effects. The kidnappers murdered Laporte and negotiations led to Cross's release. people believe enacting the war measures act was needed because they The federal use of war powers in Quebec fed a growing alienation of Quebecers from federalism. ... the FLQ. It would not be the last time that a government has seized on terrorist threats to shift the balance sharply away from liberty to security. The October Crisis, 1970: an insider’s view. The Government only acted in fear of Canada ... by the war regulations, were sent to various provinces across Canada. Finally, those who criticize the War Measures Act make the fundamental mistake of ignoring the FLQ’s politically inspired terrorism that began in the spring of 1963.

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